Planning For Retirement With IRA’s
Retirement plans benefit from special tax advantages but also are subject to special restrictions. For instance, there are rules that allow tax breaks for contributing to retirement plans and rules that allow retirement plan income to grow on a tax-deferred basis, but there also are rules that limit annual contributions and rules that dictate the timing and amount of distributions you take from those plans.
IRAs are very popular because they are so easy to setup and also easy to maintain. A person does not need employer approval to open an IRA and you can contribute as much as you want to the account, as long as you do not exceed the annual limits). Below are the three main types of IRAs.
Traditional IRA. With this type of IRA you are able to let your assets grow on a tax-deferred basis. This is advantageous because you will not have to pay taxes on your assets until you withdraw funds from your account.
The amount that you can contribute is dependent on statutory limits, your age, and your earned income. The maximum you can contribute is equal to your earned income. Earned income is income from wages and self-employment. Investment income is not considered earned income. There is also a catch-up provision for those that are 50 years old or older. This provision allows you to make larger contributions than normal. Additionally, your spouse can use some of your income to contribute to his or her account. However, if you have reached age 70 at the end of the year of your contribution then you are no longer allowed to make contributions.
Considering other options besides the traditional IRA may be in your best interest.
Contribution deductibility is one factor that often times leads an indication to switch the type of IRA that they use. Your income level is an important indicator as to whether you will be able to deduct all of your contributions. If you and your spouse are able to participate in an employer-sponsored plan, then you will definitely be able to deduct your contributions. However, these deductions might not be worth anything if your adjusted gross income (AGI) is too high.
For those that are not able to make a deduction contribution, making a nondeductible contribution is a viable option. You will still be able to enjoy tax-deferred growth on your retirement account. Additionally, if you wait until you are age 59 you can withdraw your funds and only be taxed on earnings.
Roth IRA. A Roth IRA and a traditional IRA have the same contribution amounts. The difference between these two plans is the eligibility rules. A Roth IRA has no age limit with respect to contributions. However, you are only allowed to escape the age limit if you meet the earned income requirement.
You also must remember that the total annual contributions to your IRA may never exceed the defined limit. In order to get around these limits you are able to split your contribution between a traditional and Roth IRA.
The Roth IRA also differs from a traditional IRA in that you won’t be able to claim a deduction for your contributions. But all Roth IRA earnings can be withdrawn tax free after age 591/2, provided you’ve had the account for at least five years. (You can withdraw amounts up to your total contributions tax free at any time.)
If you already have a traditional IRA, then you may be interested in converting a portion, or the entire IRA, to a Roth IRA. You will need to see if this change will benefit you even after considering the additional tax implications.
The exact formula for calculating the contribution amount is very complicated. However, if you were to use 20% of your net self-employment earnings as a guess it would be a close estimate.The formula for calculating the exact contribution amount is too complex for our purposes, but a rough estimate of 20% of your net self-employment earnings is a good start.
Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA. A SEP IRA provides self-employed individuals a way to make more significant retirement contributions than would be available to them through a traditional or Roth IRA. Funds are treated, for tax purposes, the same as IRA funds; you may claim a deduction for your contributions, and distributions will be taxed. But the contribution limits can be much higher.
This data is distributed for informational purposes only; Doeren Mayhew is not rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice or opinions and assumes no legal responsibility. Contact Doeren Mayhew for more information.